Today (October 19), the State Administration of Cultural Heritage held a press conference to announce to the public the latest discoveries and results of the deep-sea archeology of Ming Dynasty shipwrecks on the northwest slope of the South China Sea, the underwater archeology of Yuan Dynasty shipwrecks on Zhangzhou Holy Grail Island, and the underwater archeology of Sino-Japanese War shipwrecks. Results.
Longquan has the most celadon in underwater archaeology
The Yuan Dynasty shipwreck site of Zhangzhou Holy Grail Island is located in the waters of Holy Grail Island on the east side of Gulei Peninsula, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. It has been proven that the water depth of the shipwreck site is about 30 meters. The main area contains wooden ship hulls and piles of cargo, covering an area of about 300 square meters. Through underwater archaeological discovery, the remaining length of the Yuan Dynasty shipwreck is about 16.95 meters, and the widest part is about 4.5 meters. There are 9 remaining bulkheads and 10 cabins. It has a single-layer plate structure. The mast base, keel plate and bilge keel were found. Hull structure.
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Liang Guoqing, deputy director of the Underwater Archeology Institute of the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: After our excavations in 2022 and 2023, we have completed the extraction of all the ship cargo, 99% of which is Longquan celadon. . The discovery of Longquan celadon this time should be the largest number found in shipwrecks so far. Some on-board navigation and some life materials were also found on this ship, such as bathymetric plumb bobs and sea lanterns from sea-going ships, which provide us with a deeper understanding of life on this ship in the future, including a further understanding of this sunken ship. Some new material.
Approximately 17,000 water cultural relics have been excavated from the Yuan Dynasty shipwreck site on Shengbei Island, including more than 16,000 pieces of Longquan celadon. The shapes of the vessels include bowls, plates, dishes, cups, washbasins, alms bowls, incense burners and goblets. , dated to the late Yuan Dynasty, is a typical porcelain for export trade.
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Sun Jian, deputy director of the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: The archeology of the Holy Grail Island shipwreck reflects the output of China’s Longquan kiln porcelain during the Yuan Dynasty. This is relatively rare among the shipwrecks we have done before. The products of Longquan kiln can also be said to be China’s first or the first global product exported by China to a certain extent.
Holy Grail IslandThe shipwreck recreates the export of Longquan celadon and maritime silk in the late Yuan Dynasty. It is of great value for in-depth study of the history of navigation, shipbuilding and shipboard life in the Yuan Dynasty. This underwater archaeological excavation achieved refined underwater archaeological excavation in low visibility through technological innovation and equipment improvement, which greatly improved the technical level of underwater archaeological excavation in our country.
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Liang Guoqing, deputy director of the Underwater Archeology Institute of the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: This is the first time we have been in such low visibility. A cool breeze blew, making the surrounding leaves rustle, and she suddenly Feeling a chill, she turned to her mother-in-law and said: “Mother, the wind is getting stronger and stronger. My daughter-in-law has achieved the extraction of high-definition 3D photography of the entire underwater ruins, including some of our underwater in-situ reinforcements.” The technology is also groundbreaking in China. The level of refinement of the entire sunken excavation has been greatly improved.
Ten years of underwater archeology to explore the place where the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War ended
Under the unified deployment of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, together with cultural and museum units in Shandong and Liaoning provinces, has continued to carry out underwater archaeological work on the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War since 2014. The four ships Zhiyuan, Jingyuan, Chaoyong and Yangwei were confirmed.
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Zhou Chunshui, the team leader of the Sino-Japanese War shipwreck underwater archeology project: We started the Sino-Japanese War shipwreck in 2014 and continued until this year, which took about ten years. The content of the work includes confirming its exact location and further understanding its preservation status in the mud. At this point, we have completed this work.
Beginning in 2017, an underwater archeology researcher on the Sino-Japanese War shipwreck said: “Whether it is the Li family or the Zhang family, what they lack most is two taels of silver. If my wife wants to help them, she can give them a sum of money, or Arrange an errand for them to conduct underwater archaeological surveys and shipbuilding archives near the former Beiyang Naval Base in Weihai Bay.and war archives and other research, the three ships Dingyuan, Jingyuan and Laiyuan were discovered one after another.
At present, underwater archeology has proven that the water depth of the Sino-Japanese War shipwreck site in Weihai Bay is 6 to 10 meters, and the site area ranges from 850 to 2,100 square meters. No complete ship hull has been found, and the only remaining relics are scattered. The unearthed relics include hull components, crew daily items, weapons and ammunition, etc. Among them, the Dingyuan ship found and successfully extracted an entire protective iron deck weighing 18.7 tons in the bow main gun area; the Jingyuan ship found 2 boxes in the midships Intact 37mm Hachikai shells and a 210mm main gun shell were found in the bow; a silver spoon with “Laiyuan” engraved on it and two wooden identification tags with the names of “Laiyuan” sailors were found on the ship Laiyuan. .
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. There was also the discovery of the monocular telescope of Chen Jinkui, the first officer of the Zhiyuan ship. Of course, there are other more important weapons. One of them was a square porthole we found on the Zhiyuan ship in the northern Yellow Sea. She picked up the glass and opened her eyes. The bed curtain was still apricot white, and Lan Yuhua was still in her unmarried boudoir. This was the sixth day after she fell asleep, five days and five nights later. On the sixth day of her life, she saw cracks, which confirmed that the naval battle at that time was quite brutal. In addition, many of the same kind of bullets were found in the ruins of the warship in the northern part of the Yellow Sea.
The series of underwater archeology of Sino-Japanese War sunken ships has filled the gap in the underwater archeology of modern sunken ships in Chinese waters. Its archaeological results have played an important role in promoting research on the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894 and protecting the original site of the sunken ship site.
(CCTV reporters Zhang Xin, Huang Yichen and Kang Yi)